Objectives the objective of this research is to test the influence of 9 types of polyacrylamide pam on water infiltration and soil loss of an arid silt loam soil under simulated rainfall conditions. Sheet erosion transports soil particles in the shallow flow of water as it runs off. In this lesson, students work in groups to create a hillside garden and observe what happens during soil erosion. What is a way of preventing erosion on hillsides while still using the land for agriculture. Sep 21, 2017 soil erosion is the process where wind, water and human beings detach soil particles and deposit them somewhere else. This product includes two pages of background teacher information,15 pages of in. The free online course, soil and water conservation engineering introduction to soil erosion, will give you a better understanding of soil and water conservation practices and problems. Value 1 this form of erosion is no longer visible after cultivation ploughing, hoeing etc. Interculturing operations will kill weeds and soil mulches help the plants to be rooted firmly in the soil.
Types of soil erosion and conservation methods legit. It may take some time to pinpoint the source of erosion, but with these tips in mind, you can beautify your. Soil erosion is the washing or blowing away by water or wind of the top layer of soil dirt. The activities such as destruction of natural vegetations through deforestation, shifting cultivation, cultivation of crops without soil protecting measures, exposing the bare soil, increasing and concentrating the runoff and changing the quality of soil i. There are several serious effects of soil erosion which are as follows. Break up of soil clodsaggregates and dispersion of soil particles by the kinetic. Jared explains why erosion occurs more slowly when soil is paired with leaf debris or plants, in this simple demonstration you can try at home or in class. Moreover, types of pam other than those recommended for erosion control may also be effective in reducing soil erosion. When the layer of topsoil is removed, ground becomes unproductive and crops decrease. There are many factors which influence the process of soil erosion. Water erosion covers all forms of soil erosion by water, including sheet and rill erosion and gullying. Rainfall, and the surface runoff which may result from rainfall, produces four main types of soil erosion. Feb 28, 2015 jared explains why erosion occurs more slowly when soil is paired with leaf debris or plants, in this simple demonstration you can try at home or in class.
The process may be natural or accelerated by human activity. Soil is the most fundamental and basic natural resource for all life to survive. Depending on the local landscape and weather conditions, erosion may be very slow or very rapid. This lesson plan can easily be used for an introduction or expanded for elementary, secondary, middle school, and university students. Erosion under the ground grades 56 short reading comprehensions.
Due to uprooting of trees the shortage of timber and fuel wood results. Therefore, we can talk of two types of soil erosion viz. Water erosion is the most prevalent kind of erosion. It is the weathering of particles of fertile soil in areas not protected by vegetation. Rain splash erosion happens when raindrops move the soil. While there are many types of erosion, all have the same basic process the removal of topsoil by wind or water. It is the fairly uniform removal of soil in thin layers from the land surface, often scarcely perceptible, especially when caused by wind. Soil erosion is the process where wind, water and human beings detach soil particles and deposit them somewhere else. You will first learn about soil erosion from the mechanics, causes and types of soil erosion, as well as various factors affecting soil erosion and the. The erosion due to the impact of falling raindrops on soil surface leading to the destruction of the crumb structure is known as the raindrop or splash erosion. This science based informational product will provide students and teachers basic facts about the weathering and erosion of rocks and soil.
Wind erosion happens when wind gusts blow away unsecured soil. Sometimes water flows as a sheet over large areas down a slope. Soil moves a few inches and usually is redistributed back over the surface soil. If the soil has eroded, the crops that make food will not grow very well soil erosion was a big problem in the midwestern united states in the 1930s dust bowl erosion also leaves large sinkholes in the ground, which can weaken buildings and even cause them. Control of rainfallinduced soil erosion with various. Soil erosion is a naturally occurring process that affects all landforms. Due to soil erosion, the soil becomes less fertile.
The surface layer of the soil can be destroyed by the actions of water or wind, so it is customary to distinguish water and wind erosion of the soil. There are three types of weathering, and each type can lead to erosion and changes in landforms. Apr 27, 2006 moreover, types of pam other than those recommended for erosion control may also be effective in reducing soil erosion. Landforms slope, slope length, and the shape of the slope are important parts that affect erosion processes for all types of soil erosion. Type description example chemical involves changes in the minerals of the rock. Wind blows loose soil off flat or sloping land known as wind erosion. It has been recognized as a major problem since the 1930s and, although there has been some 70 years of research into the causes and processes, it is still increasing and of. Identify evidence from patterns in rock formations and fossils in rock layers to support an explanation for changes in a landscape over time. Types of erosion splash, rill, gully, and channel erosion are depicted in figure 1. Weathering, soil, and erosion is a noprep printable nonfiction student text. Wind erosion occurs mainly in steppe areas with large open spaces. Erosion preceded by the destruction of the crumb structure due to the impact of falling raindrop on the surface of soil is termed as splash erosion.
It tends to remove silts and clays making the soils sandier. It is a process in which the top fertile layer of soil is lost. Several techniques are available to reduce soil erosion, including. Types of erosion helping north coast landholders reduce soil erosion. Water and wind erosion are two main agents that degrade soils. Soil erosion is one form of soil degradation along with soil compaction, low organic matter, and loss o f soil structure, poor internal drainage, salinization and soil acidity problems. Soil erosion is a process of detachment and transportation of soil by natural agencies of water and wind. Humaninduced intensification of landsliding, caused by vegetation clearance, road construction, etc. Dec 22, 2015 the following are forms of water erosion. Soil erosion is the washing or blowing away by water or wind of the top layer of the soil. It may take some time to pinpoint the source of erosion, but with these tips in mind, you can beautify your landscape and protect the environment at the same time. This sample soil erosion research paper is published for educational and informational purposes only. Alternatively growing a cereal and a legume in the same field will not only increase the yield, but also increase the fertility of the soil.
Sheet erosion it is the uniform removal of soil in thin layers from the land surface caused by the wind. Farmers need to protect farmland from the wind by planting windbreaks around their land. Using vegetation for erosion control on construction sites. Precipitation is the most forceful factor causing erosion.
It also causes plant damage from abrasion, blowouts, and deposition. Soil erosion is the movement and transport of soil by various agents, particularly water, wind, and mass movement. This equation provides an estimate of the soil loss rate in tonshectareyear. Runoff washes away the soil particles from sloping. Rain splash only occurs if the rain falls with high intensity. Soil and water conservation soil erosion free course. You must find the reasons why look at the characteristics of rainfall. This erosion is associated with the activities of human beings which are responsible to cause soil destruction, indirectly. Hill slopes are prone to sheet erosion and rill erosion. The potential for erosion of a specific soil type largely depends on the severity of the slope, the crops grown, and the number and types of tillage operations. The top layer of soil is very light which is easily carried away by wind and water. Gullies occur when smaller water flows concentrate and cut a channel through the soil.
The amount of hill slope erosion largely depends on how the land. Soil erosion occurs when soil is removed through the action of wind and water at a greater rate than it is formed soil the soil covering the surface of the earth has taken millions of years to form and we must learn to respect it. Learn more about the process of erosion and how it changes things, both natural and manmade, on earths surface every day. Splash erosion is generally seen as the first and least severe stage in the soil erosion process, which is followed by sheet erosion, then rill erosion and finally gully erosion the most severe of the four. They should move herds of sheep and cattle around so that grasses will have time to grow back and help keep the soil free from erosion. Bullock, in encyclopedia of soils in the environment, 2005. Raindrop splash erosion is caused by the impact of raindrops that detach soil particles. They should move herds of sheep and cattle around so that grasses will have time to grow back and help keep the soil free. If you want to buy a high quality research paper on history topics at affordable price please use custom research paper writing services. Erosion whether it is by water, wind or tillage, involve three distinct action. Natural erosion has sculptured landforms on the uplands and built landforms on the lowlands. Erosion preceded by the destruction of the crumb structure due to the impact of falling raindrop on the surface of soil is termed as splash erosion sheet erosion. Soil erosion, especially in agricultural systems, affects everyone throughout the world.
The removal of topsoil by the natural forces is known as soil erosion. Wind erosion damages the soil by physically removing the most fertile part, lowering waterholding capacity, degrading soil structure, and increasing soil variability across a field, resulting in reduced crop production. Free research papers are not written by our writers, they are contributed by users, so we are not responsible for the content of this free sample paper. The ninth lesson in a 10part series includes two different activities related to soil erosion. There are several types of water erosion that can cause difficulties for topsoil. Erosion is the leading cause of the loss of topsoil and sediment deposits in ditches, streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans. Ppt soil erosion powerpoint presentation free to view. Erosion breaks down rocks and soil, and the pieces are moved from one place to another.
Soil erosion simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Soil erosion soil erosion is the detachment and movement of soil material. Vetiver grass has become a global bandaid in the prevention of soil erosion because it will grow in most climates and soils source. Universal soil erosion equation for questions 17, determine what the rate of soil erosion will be without factoring in sustainability measures for two different sites in jordan.